Preliminary exercise 16 Introduction to Editing in Film.

 

:  Definitions and Examples 

Score: ______/60 marks
Word	Meaning and how are they used by filmmakers.
Editing in Film	The art, technique and practice of assembling shots into a coherent sequence.
Editor (n/a)
Shot	` A series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time.
Sequence	A series of scenes that form a distinct narrative unit, which is usually connected either by a unity of location or a unity of time.
Scene	A part of a play or movie in which the action stays in one place for a continuous period.
Continuity Editing	The notion that a sequence of shots all need to feel as unified and fluid as if they were a single shot.
Discontinuity Editing	An interruption in continuity editing.
spatial editing	When the relations between shots function to construct film space.
temporal editing	When the relations between shots function to control time.
cut	An abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one sequence to another.
establishing shot	A shot in filmmaking or television that sets up the context for the scene ahead, designed to inform the audience where the action will be taking place.
180-degree rule	Two characters (or more) in a scene should always have the same left/right relationship with each other.
insert shot	A shot — often a close-up — that focuses on a specific detail.
j cut	A variant of a split edit film editing technique in which the audio from a following scene overlaps the picture from the preceding scene, so that the audio portion of the later scene starts playing before its picture as a lead-in to the visual cut.
l cut	A film editing transition that sees the audio from one scene or shot overlap onto the visuals from the next.
post-production,	The final stage in film and programme-making where footage is cut, music, sound and commentary are mixed and visual effects are added.
visual effects	The process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
CGI	The use of computer graphics in art or media.
expansion of time	Allow the audience to process new information, to create a sense of Suspense, or emphasize the key moment of a scene.
ellipsis	The shortening of plot duration achieved by omitting some story duration.
slow motion	An effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down.
Dissolve	A type of film transition in which one sequence fades over another.
wipe	A type of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape.
Flashback	The subjective experience of a previous event.
Flashforward	A scene that temporarily takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story.
Kuleshov Effect	A mental phenomenon by which viewers derive more meaning from the interaction of two sequential shots than from a single shot in isolation.
Rough cut	The first edited version of a film, usually without sound, music, or titles.
long take	A shot that's intended to appear as a single, uninterrupted take in the final edit of a project.
short take	Brief recordings of scenes.
fade in	An opening shot or transition technique used in film editing to ease viewers into new imagery, rather than using a sudden cut from scene to scene
fade out	An optical effect in which a shot slowly disappears into darkness.

 

Part B: Students will define each editing technique and identify 3 ways editors utilize the concepts when editing raw footage. To support your answer, provide examples from a variety film or tv shows by capturing the still images for each technique. See example below. Copy and paste the table below (8) times. 

Score:           / 50  marks 

 

 

 

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition: Shot reverse shot is a film technique that takes two shots and cuts them to appear as if a continuous conversation is happening.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To provide context without 2 characters being present on screen at once		To maintain continuity while conveying different meanings through angles
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
It sets the tone of the conversation being had		Tells the audience who they should sympathize with using a medium and close-up shots

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition eyelines in film help an eyeline match is a filmmaking and editing technique that informs the viewer to what the character sees. In a wide shot, we can see a character looking at a map, but if we show the character looking down in a close up, and then give a reverse view of a location in the next shot, it will convey to the viewer that said location is the character’s point of focus.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
It shows what a character is seeing		It creates suspense since we want to know what they are seeing
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
IT creates suspense and anticipation		It makes the audience belief that they are seeing something with the eyes of a character.

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition: A jump cut is a technique that breaks a continuous sequential shot into 2 parts with a piece removed to create the effect of moving forward in time.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
They create a jarring effect to portray a jump in time.		To make a comparison between different objects, subjects or settings.
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.
It gives off the idea of change and growth.	It gives off the idea of what a subject may look like in the future.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition: Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time, and often in the same place
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To speed up the proccess of filming		To show many things happening at once
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.    It gives the audience a faster pace movie while also being digestable/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition:   occurs when the shapes, colors and/or overall movement of two shots match in composition, either within a scene or, especially, across a transition between two scenes.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To show a parralell		To transition
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.  THe audience is suppose to see the similarity and changes from the scenes showing a prallel and a how thingsd have changed.

 

 

 

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition:         the graphic cut, the match on action cut creates a connection between two scenes by focusing on similar movements.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To connect scenes and sequences		To have fluidity in the film
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.    In scnes like this the author usually tries to make the audience pay more attention since something interesting is about to happen

 

 

 

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition:   Parallel editing is an editing technique video editors use to jump between two different scenes.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To show tha something else is happening elsswhere		TO show that a character is unaware of something happening creating suspense
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.    It creates suspense because in these scenes the character is usually unaware.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Editing Technique
Definition:     a supplementary shot that “cuts away” from the main action to indicate something else in the space, such as an object or location.
Describe (2) ways editors utilize this technique
To transition from one setting or scene to another.		To go to a flashback
What effects does the technique have on the audience? Discuss genre, emotions, and messages communicated by each technique.  It gives the movie for fliidity for the audience to enjoy